Association between pan-immune-inflammation value and asthma all-cause-mortality in American adults: NHANES 1999-2018

The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) is a novel biomarker developed to evaluate systemic immune-inflammatory status. Although its predictive utility has been developed in multiple medical contexts, its applicability to asthma-related outcomes remains uncertain and warrants further investigation.

This investigation examined data collected through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Multifactorial Cox regression analysis served to evaluate the link between PIV and all-cause mortality (ACM) in individuals with asthma. The investigation utilized Kaplan-Meier's survival curves to display survival patterns across PIV quartiles. Restricted cubic spline regression helped investigate the link between PIV and asthma-related ACM. The investigation incorporated subgroup analyses to identify potential effect modifiers, while sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the results.

The investigation involved 5776 asthmatic individuals aged 20-80 years. The comprehensive adjusted analysis (model 3) indicated that participants in the highest quartile of log₁₀(PIV) had a 55.9% higher risk of ACM compared to those in the lowest quartile (HR = 1.559, 95%CI: 1.131-2.149). The dose-response evaluation demonstrated a linear link between PIV and asthma-related ACM (p for overall trend <0.001; p for nonlinearity = 0.052). Subgroup analysis identified a significant interaction with smoking status (p = 0.005), while no notable interactions were detected in other subgroups (p > 0.05).

Rising PIV is linearly and independently associated with elevated ACM in adults with asthma. These findings suggest that PIV may have potential utility in risk stratification. Further research is needed to confirm its prognostic value.