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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
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Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
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The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
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[Menopausal transition].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2024
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[Dutch College of General Practitioners' practice guideline on 'Vaginal bleeding'].

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Related Experiment Video

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A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
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[Menopausal transition].

C A H Ineke Janssen1,2, Anneloes A L Smits3

  • 1Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, afd. Gynaecologie, Gouda.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This article addresses common medical questions about the menopausal transition, covering symptoms, treatments, and long-term health impacts for women navigating this life stage.

Area of Science:

  • Women's Health
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • Menopausal transition affects women for approximately 30% of their lives.
  • Increased lifespan necessitates focus on postmenopausal quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To educate healthcare practitioners on the menopausal transition.
  • To enhance understanding of symptoms, risks, and benefits of treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Answering 10 key medical questions regarding menopausal transition.
  • Covering etiology, symptomatology, diagnostics, and therapeutic options.

Main Results:

  • Provides comprehensive answers on menopausal transition topics.
  • Discusses hormonal and non-hormonal treatment risks and benefits.

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers can better manage menopausal transition and its sequelae.
  • Emphasizes the importance of long-term health and quality of life for postmenopausal women.