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Anxiety, Depression, and Care Barriers in Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Anthony R Osuna1,2, Jae Kennedy3, Chuan Zhou1,2,4
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
JAMA Network Open
|February 20, 2026
Summary
Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) have significantly higher rates of anxiety and depression. This study highlights disparities in mental health care access and cost-related barriers for this population.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Mental Health Services Research
- Disability Studies
Background:
- Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) face disproportionately high rates of psychiatric conditions.
- Limited national data exist on mental health disparities and access barriers for adults with IDDs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the prevalence of anxiety and depression between adults with and without IDDs.
- To examine differences in mental health treatment utilization and cost-related barriers.
- To identify disparities in mental health care for adults with IDDs.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study using pooled US National Health Interview Survey data (2021-2023).
- Included 44,478 adults (796 with IDDs, 43,682 without functional limitations).
- IDD status identified using Washington Group Short Set criteria; outcomes analyzed via logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Adults with IDDs showed significantly higher diagnosed anxiety (57.2% vs 10.6%) and depression (57.1% vs 9.9%).
- Higher daily anxiety (50.8% vs 7.9%) and depression (25.6% vs 1.4%) were reported by adults with IDDs.
- Increased psychiatric medication use and therapy utilization were observed in adults with IDDs, alongside greater cost-related barriers.
Conclusions:
- US adults with IDDs experience substantially higher rates of mental health conditions.
- Significant disparities exist in mental health treatment access and cost for adults with IDDs.
- Findings underscore the need for accessible, affordable, and disability-informed mental health services and policy reform.
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