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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

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Published on: October 16, 2010

Breast Cancer Risk and Mortality and Adherence to Plant-Based Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mariana Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez¹, José Francisco López-Gil^2,3, Paula Marrero-Fernández^4,5

¹School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain.

Nutrition Reviews

|February 20, 2026

Summary

A healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) is linked to lower breast cancer risk, while an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) is associated with increased risk. Further research is needed on plant-based diets and breast cancer survival.

Keywords:

breast cancer breast cancer mortality breast cancer survival diet healthy plant-based diet plant-based unhealthy plant-based diet

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Area of Science:

Nutrition Science
Oncology
Epidemiology

Background:

Plant-based diets are linked to reduced cancer risk, but their specific impact on breast cancer (BC) remains unclear.
Existing research has not definitively established the association between plant-based dietary patterns and BC risk or survival.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the relationship between adherence to the plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) and breast cancer risk.
To evaluate the association of these dietary indices with breast cancer-specific mortality.

Main Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies were conducted.
Literature searches were performed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed up to August 2025.
Data from 9 studies (5 cohort, 4 case-control) involving cancer-free individuals and BC survivors were analyzed.

Main Results:

The overall PDI showed no significant association with BC risk.
Higher adherence to the hPDI was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in both case-control and cohort studies.
Increased adherence to the uPDI was linked to a higher risk of breast cancer.

Conclusions:

A healthful plant-based dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.
An unhealthful plant-based dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Further investigation is required to understand the role of plant-based diets in breast cancer prognosis and survival.