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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
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Human lncRNA RMRP interacts with DEAD-box helicases and modulates mitochondrial function.

Higor Sette Pereira1, Jason Luddu1, Govardhan Reddy Veerareddygari1

  • 1Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The long noncoding RNA RMRP shows structural flexibility and regulates mitochondrial health by interacting with RNA helicases. This lncRNA

Keywords:
DEAD-box helicasesRMRPlong noncoding RNAmitochondrial function

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The human long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RMRP is implicated in diseases but its structure and functions are unclear.
  • RNase MRP complex component RMRP's role beyond this complex needs elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze RMRP's structure, protein interactions, and mitochondrial roles.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms of RMRP in maintaining mitochondrial function.

Main Methods:

  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to determine RMRP structure.
  • Protein-RNA interaction studies with DEAD-box RNA helicases DDX5 and DDX3X.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial function and gene expression upon RMRP level changes.

Main Results:

  • RMRP exhibits Mg2+-dependent structural changes, adopting different conformations.
  • DDX5 and DDX3X helicases interact with RMRP, influencing its localization and activity.
  • Reduced RMRP levels impair mitochondrial stability, causing depolarization and increased ROS.
  • RMRP regulates nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins DNAJC11 and NDUFS8.

Conclusions:

  • RMRP is a structurally dynamic lncRNA crucial for mitochondrial integrity.
  • RMRP collaborates with RNA helicases to maintain mitochondrial health via specific gene regulation.
  • Findings offer insights into RMRP-related disorders and potential therapeutic strategies.