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Association of anxiety and depression with cognitive challenges in children in Bangladesh

M Iftakhar Alam1, Mohaimen Mansur1

  • 1Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Plos One
|February 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Anxiety or depression (AD) significantly increases the risk of communication, learning, remembering, or concentrating (CLRC) difficulties in Bangladeshi children. Addressing mental health and socioeconomic factors is crucial for improving child cognitive function.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Anxiety and depression (AD) are prevalent mental health issues in children.
  • Cognitive difficulties, including challenges with communication, learning, remembering, or concentrating (CLRC), can significantly impact a child's development and well-being.
  • Understanding the factors associated with CLRC difficulties in children is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between anxiety or depression (AD) and communication, learning, remembering, or concentrating (CLRC) difficulties in children aged 5-17 years in Bangladesh.
  • To identify other demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing CLRC difficulties in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS).
  • Employed a random intercept binary logistic regression model to analyze the association between CLRC and AD.
  • Controlled for covariates including sex, age, geographic division, maternal education, maternal functional difficulty, and wealth index.

Main Results:

  • Children experiencing anxiety or depression (AD) had significantly higher odds of reporting communication, learning, remembering, or concentrating (CLRC) difficulties (OR = 7.82).
  • Male children were more likely to experience CLRC difficulties than females (OR = 1.30).
  • Maternal education and functional difficulties, as well as geographic location and wealth, were also significantly associated with CLRC difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Anxiety or depression (AD) is a strong predictor of communication, learning, remembering, or concentrating (CLRC) difficulties in Bangladeshi children.
  • Factors such as sex, geographic location, maternal education, and socioeconomic status play a significant role in CLRC difficulties.
  • Interventions addressing both mental health and socioeconomic determinants are necessary to reduce CLRC difficulties in children.

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