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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
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Therapeutic targeting of toll-like receptor pathways in tumor-associated macrophages

Lei Wang1, Yinghua Li2, Zehua He1

  • 1Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, and the Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|February 20, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
(TAMs)Cancer ImmunotherapyChimeric antigenInnate immune systemReceptor macrophage (CAR-M)Toll-like receptors (TLRs)Tumor microenvironment (TME)Tumor-associated macrophages

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