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Related Concept Videos

Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Image-guided Percutaneous Osteosynthesis: Beyond the Limits.

Nicolas Stacoffe1,2, Sylvain Grange3, Joris Lavigne1

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Interventional radiology advances percutaneous osteosynthesis for complex fractures, offering minimally invasive solutions. This technique improves patient recovery and treats previously inoperable conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Musculoskeletal Care
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Percutaneous osteosynthesis has significantly advanced in interventional radiology over the past two decades.
  • Indications have expanded beyond trauma to include osteoporosis/insufficiency fractures and oncology.
  • Technological progress in imaging and implant knowledge drives these developments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a practical framework for advanced percutaneous osteosynthesis.
  • To guide the rational selection of devices and planning of complex trajectories.
  • To highlight decision-making, anatomical limitations, and pain management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced imaging (CT, CBCT, navigation, robotics) for precise guidance.
  • Applying knowledge of bone biomechanics and implant behavior (screws, cement augmentation).
  • Employing adjunct techniques like hydrodissection, thermal ablation, and embolization.

Main Results:

  • Expanded indications for percutaneous osteosynthesis in trauma, osteoporosis, and oncology.
  • Successful planning and execution of complex trajectories (e.g., sacrum, acetabulum).
  • Minimally invasive, stable, and durable solutions enabling faster patient remobilization.

Conclusions:

  • Interventional radiology provides effective, minimally invasive solutions for musculoskeletal conditions.
  • Mastery of techniques and understanding of pathologies are key to successful outcomes.
  • This approach establishes interventional radiology as a key player in multidisciplinary musculoskeletal care.