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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Published on: August 11, 2008
Longitudinal Symptom Transitions Predict Incident Tuberculosis Risk in Serial Active Case Finding
Esther Jung1, José Victor Bortolotto Bampi2, Alessandra Moura da Silva2
1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) screening often relies on cross-sectional symptom assessment. To determine the added value of longitudinal symptom monitoring, we conducted a prospective cohort study among 2282 incarcerated men in Brazil. Every 4 months, participants were assessed for symptoms and incident TB (Xpert or culture positive). Compared with remaining asymptomatic, developing symptoms was associated with higher TB risk (aRR 2.31; 95% CI 1.55-3.43), strongest among those with prior radiographic abnormalities (aRR 2.49; 95% CI 1.56-3.97), while remaining symptomatic was not associated (aRR 1.27; 95% CI .72-2.24). Longitudinal symptom monitoring may enhance TB screening in high-risk settings, particularly in complement with radiography.
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