Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 22, 2026
04:52
Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
Published on: February 3, 2023
1.4K
Genetic characterization and evolutionary dynamics of non-epidemic sapovirus GII.5 strains
Shoko Okitsu1, Pattara Khamrin2, Rungnapa Malasao3
1Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Summary
This study details two rare human sapovirus GII.5 cases, revealing distinct evolutionary clusters in Asia and the Americas. GII.5 sapovirus shows slower evolution than GI.1, impacting gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Human sapovirus causes acute gastroenteritis globally, particularly in children.
- While GI.1 is common in pediatric cases, other genotypes circulate.
- Sapovirus GII.5 is an uncommon genotype, with limited epidemiological data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize two newly identified human sapovirus GII.5 strains.
- To investigate the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of GII.5 sapovirus.
- To compare the evolutionary rates of GII.5 and GI.1 sapovirus genotypes.
Main Methods:
- Whole-genome sequencing of two GII.5 sapovirus strains.
- Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to determine evolutionary relationships.
- Amino acid sequence analysis of the major capsid protein (VP1).
Main Results:
- Two sporadic GII.5 sapovirus cases were detected in 2024.
- Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct GII.5 clusters, with Asian strains forming one and American strains another.
- GII.5 strains exhibit independent evolution in different geographical regions.
- The evolutionary rate of GII.5 (3.26 × 10⁻⁴ subs/site/year) is lower than that of GI.1 (2.092 × 10⁻³ subs/site/year).
Conclusions:
- The study elucidates the evolutionary dynamics of GII.5 sapovirus.
- GII.5 sapovirus demonstrates distinct geographical evolutionary patterns.
- Findings contribute to understanding sapovirus diversity and evolution in gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Related Concept Videos
01:05Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
18.7K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
18.7K
00:36Viral Mutations
40.0K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
40.0K
01:09Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
64.8K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
64.8K
00:57Viral Recombination
25.3K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.3K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
7.1K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
7.1K
01:25Genetic Variation
1.5K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
1.5K