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5mC and 6mA DNA methylation in eukaryotic genomes
1MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China.
Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|February 20, 2026
Summary
This review compares 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and N6-methyladenine (6mA) DNA methylation, revealing shared mechanisms and distinct roles. These epigenetic marks are crucial for shaping eukaryotic genomes and evolution.
Area of Science:
- Epigenetics and Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and N6-methyladenine (6mA) are key DNA methylation marks in eukaryotes.
- Traditionally considered distinct, 5mC and 6mA exhibit emerging mechanistic parallels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically compare the similarities and differences between 5mC and 6mA DNA methylation.
- To highlight their roles in genomic distribution, pathways, transcription, epigenetic crosstalk, and evolution.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of existing literature on 5mC and 6mA.
- Integration of data on genomic distribution, methylation machinery, and functional impacts.
Main Results:
- Identified shared principles in the mechanisms of 5mC and 6mA.
- Detailed differences in their genomic localization and specific roles.
- Highlighted their interplay with other epigenetic modifications.
Conclusions:
- 5mC and 6mA, despite differences, share fundamental epigenetic regulatory principles.
- Understanding these DNA methylation marks provides insights into eukaryotic genome regulation and evolution.
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