Cardiogenic Shock: Current Evidence, Guideline Perspectives, and Outcomes

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains one of the leading causes of in-hospital mortality, with an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 patients being treated for CS each year. Despite major advances in mechanical circulatory support and pharmacologic therapy, short-term outcomes remain poor, with 30-day mortality ranging from 30% to 60%. There is significant heterogeneity in clinical trial design and data, as well as variability in management strategies for patients with CS. In this review article, we aim to summarize current definitions, staging systems, landmark trials, and evolving guideline recommendations, while highlighting trends in outcomes and ongoing gaps in care for patients with CS.