Regulating perovskite crystallization kinetics at laser scribe lines for efficient and stable perovskite modules

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Renewable Energy
• Photovoltaics

Background:

• Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show high power conversion efficiency (PCE) comparable to silicon.
• Limited long-term stability hinders commercialization of PSCs.
• Laser scribing is a key process in perovskite solar module (PSM) fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

• Investigate the impact of laser scribing on PSM stability.
• Identify degradation mechanisms related to laser scribing.
• Develop a strategy to improve PSM stability and efficiency.

Main Methods:

• Detailed characterization of laser-scribed areas (P1, P2, P3).
• Analysis of crystallization kinetics and thermal damage.
• Incorporation of (E)-But-2-ene-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride to regulate perovskite crystallization.

Main Results:

• P1 scribe areas show poor crystallinity and accelerated degradation.
• P2 and P3 scribing cause localized thermal damage and material decomposition.
• Optimized PSMs achieved high efficiencies (24.70% for 25 cm², 23.89% for 100 cm²).
• A 100 cm² PSM achieved a certified record efficiency of 23.55%.

Conclusions:

• Laser scribing parameters critically affect PSM stability.
• Regulating perovskite crystallization kinetics enhances environmental tolerance.
• Unencapsulated PSMs demonstrated remarkable ambient air stability (93% PCE retention after 3,120 hours).
• This study offers a module-level perspective for improving perovskite solar technology.