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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care01:27

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Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Ligation for Ischemia-Reperfusion Research: Model Improvement via Technical Modifications and Quality Control
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Post-MIS-C cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review.

Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra1,2, Katherine Alcala-Marcos3, Carlos R Celis4

  • 1Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Av. 1885 La Molina. La Molina, Lima, Peru. galvaradogamarra@gmail.com.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular outcomes in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) generally improve over time, with most resolving within 6-9 months. However, some subclinical cardiac issues like myocardial edema and fibrosis can persist up to 24 months, necessitating long-term follow-up.

Keywords:
Coronary aneurysmLong-term carePediatric multisystem inflammatory disease, COVID-19 relatedPediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) can lead to cardiovascular complications.
  • There is limited understanding of the long-term cardiovascular outcomes following MIS-C.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and estimate the frequency of cardiovascular outcomes after MIS-C.
  • To assess the resolution timeline of these cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases up to February 2024.
  • Inclusion of studies reporting cardiovascular events persisting post-discharge from acute MIS-C.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis and GRADE assessment for evidence certainty.

Main Results:

  • Eighty-four studies with 4,778 children were included.
  • Cardiovascular outcomes including coronary abnormalities, reduced ejection fraction, myocarditis, and pericardial effusion decreased over time, mostly resolving by 6-9 months.
  • Myocardial edema/fibrosis persisted up to 12 months, and coronary abnormalities were noted up to 24 months. Evidence certainty was very low.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular outcomes post-MIS-C show improvement over time.
  • Persistent subclinical cardiac abnormalities up to 12-24 months suggest the need for long-term follow-up.
  • MIS-C myocarditis had better outcomes than other myocarditis etiologies but with reduced exercise capacity.