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Is bioethics a discipline? Beyond methodological reductionism.

Carlos Gomez-Virseda1, Lara Andreoli2, Roshni Jegan2

  • 1Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. carlos.gomezvirseda@kuleuven.be.

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Bioethics is a distinct academic discipline, not merely an interdisciplinary field. Its unique characteristics, including pluralism and normative focus, affirm its status in addressing complex healthcare and medical issues.

Keywords:
BioethicsConceptual analysisDisciplinarityMethodologyNormative ethics

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Medical Humanities

Background:

  • The definition and status of bioethics as a distinct discipline have been debated since its inception.
  • Persistent tensions exist regarding the criteria for defining a discipline and bioethics' expected contributions.
  • This article addresses the debate on bioethics' disciplinarity through conceptual analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate existing arguments about bioethics' disciplinary status.
  • To propose a broader and more dynamic understanding of disciplinarity in the context of bioethics.
  • To demonstrate that bioethics fulfills the core elements of a discipline.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis was employed to revisit the debate on bioethics' disciplinarity.
  • A critical engagement with Bjørn Hofmann's narrow, method-focused view of disciplinarity.
  • Adoption of Krishnan's comprehensive framework to assess bioethics against six core elements of disciplinarity.

Main Results:

  • Hofmann's criteria for disciplinarity were found to be overly restrictive and inconsistent with current academic practices.
  • Bioethics demonstrates a particular object of research, specialized knowledge, structuring theories, shared terminology, specific methods, and institutional manifestations.
  • The field's pluralism and normative orientation are appropriate responses to its complex subject matter.

Conclusions:

  • Bioethics meets the six core elements of a discipline, affirming its status.
  • The field's characteristics, often seen as weaknesses, are actually strengths that align with its subject matter.
  • Bioethics is a legitimate and independent discipline bridging philosophical reflection and practical engagement in medicine and healthcare.