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Assessing Prokaryotic Benthic Communities in the Red Sea.

Christopher A Hempel¹, Larissa Frühe^1,2, Sofia Frappi¹

¹Marine Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Environmental Microbiology

|February 21, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Marine sediments harbor diverse prokaryotic communities. Depth, latitude, and oxygen shape Red Sea microbial distribution, with unique communities in extreme environments like brine pools.

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Area of Science:

Marine microbiology
Biogeochemistry
Oceanography

Background:

Benthic prokaryotic communities are crucial for global biogeochemical cycles.
The spatial distribution and environmental drivers of these communities in the Red Sea are underexplored.
Understanding Red Sea microbial ecology provides insights into unique marine environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the biogeographical patterns of benthic prokaryotic communities in the Red Sea.
To identify environmental factors (depth, latitude, oxygen) driving microbial community structure.
To establish a baseline for Red Sea microbial ecology and its role in biogeochemical processes.

Main Methods:

16S rRNA gene sequencing of benthic prokaryotic communities.
Sampling across a latitudinal gradient and three depth strata in the Red Sea.
Analysis of microbial community composition and diversity in relation to environmental parameters.

Main Results:

Distinct biogeographical patterns were observed, influenced by depth, latitude, and oxygen availability.
Microbial community composition shifted significantly across epibenthic, mesobenthic, and bathybenthic zones.
Lower OTU richness was found in bathybenthic communities, while shallower southern Red Sea communities showed higher richness.
The Southern Red Sea had higher Chloroflexi and lower Proteobacteria/Acidobacteriota abundances compared to northern regions.
Specialized microbial communities were identified in extreme environments, such as the Atlantis II brine pool.

Conclusions:

Depth, latitude, and oxygen are key drivers of Red Sea benthic prokaryotic community structure.
The Red Sea harbors distinct microbial communities adapted to varying environmental conditions, including extreme ones.
This study provides a foundational understanding of Red Sea microbial ecology, crucial for predicting responses to climate change and their role in biogeochemical cycles.