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Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues.

Wayne M Arnold1, Vicki Bitsika1, Christopher F Sharpley1

  • 1Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Australia.

Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice
|February 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism research shows inconsistent definitions and measurements of camouflaging, a coping strategy used by autistic individuals. This lack of clarity impacts the validity of measurement tools and the generalizability of findings to the broader autistic population.

Keywords:
autismcamouflagingconceptualisationmaskingmeasurementvalidity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • Autistic individuals often employ 'camouflaging' strategies to navigate social environments.
  • Synonymous terms like masking and compensation contribute to conceptual ambiguity in research.
  • Concerns exist regarding the clarity of the camouflaging concept and measurement tool accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review existing literature on autism camouflaging.
  • To investigate conceptual and methodological issues in camouflaging research.
  • To assess the validity and generalizability of camouflaging measurement tools.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 389 studies on autism camouflaging.
  • Analysis of terminology, conceptual definitions, and measurement tool validity.
  • Examination of sample characteristics for generalizability.

Main Results:

  • Inconsistent terminology and definitions of camouflaging across studies were identified.
  • The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) shows good reliability but mixed validity, potentially confounding with other constructs like social anxiety.
  • Generalizability is limited due to overrepresentation of autistic females diagnosed in adulthood and underrepresentation of individuals with co-occurring difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Significant conceptual and methodological issues plague autism camouflaging research.
  • Measurement tools require further validation to ensure autism-specificity and reduce confounding.
  • Future research must address sampling biases to enhance the generalizability of findings to the diverse autistic population.