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Analyzing Age-Specific Contributions to Life Expectancy Gains Across Europe
Iona Tsui1, Yeonjung Lee2,3, Yongjie Yon1
1Ageing and Health WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Summary
Life expectancy gains in Europe shifted from child mortality reductions before 2000 to older age groups (70+) after 2000. This demographic trend highlights the need for a life-course approach to healthy aging.
Area of Science:
- Demography
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rising life expectancy and declining mortality rates necessitate analysis of demographic and epidemiological factors.
- Understanding trends in life expectancy is crucial for identifying areas for public health improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine age-specific contributions to life expectancy differences across Europe.
- To compare changes in life expectancy between two 20-year periods (1980-1999 vs. 2000-2019).
Main Methods:
- Application of Arriaga's life expectancy decomposition method.
- Analysis of country-specific abridged life tables for 53 European countries.
Main Results:
- A shift in age-specific contributions to life expectancy was observed.
- Before 2000, gains were driven by reduced infant and child mortality.
- After 2000, older age groups (70+) became the primary contributors in over half of the countries.
Conclusions:
- Population aging is accelerating across Europe.
- A life-course approach is essential for extending life expectancy and ensuring healthy aging.
- Focusing on healthspan is key to reducing inequalities and supporting demographic transitions.
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