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X-ray diffraction phase analysis of single hot particles from Chornobyl.

Tobias Weissenborn1, Christoph Hennig2, Laura Leifermann1

  • 1Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Hannover 30419, Germany.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|February 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nearly 40 years after the Chornobyl accident, nuclear fuel hot particles show stable uranium oxide structures. This finding is crucial for assessing environmental risks and managing nuclear waste at accident sites.

Keywords:
ChernobylChornobylDiffractionHot particlesNuclear fuelSynchrotronXRD

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Structural stability of Chornobyl nuclear fuel particles remains poorly understood, hindering environmental risk assessments.
  • No prior phase analyses of these dispersed nuclear fuel particles have been published.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive phase analysis of individual nuclear fuel hot particles from the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone.
  • To determine the stability of different phases under real-world environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with triple-axis rotation.
  • Collection of full Bragg reflection data from individual hot particles.

Main Results:

  • Identified stable phases including uranium dioxide (UO2), U3O8, U4O9, and Zr-mixed phases.
  • Largely intact UO2 and U4O9 structures were detected, indicating stable frameworks.
  • These stable matrices likely continue to contain fission products and actinides.

Conclusions:

  • The structural integrity of uranium oxide matrices in Chornobyl hot particles has been retained after long-term environmental exposure.
  • Results support further investigation into contamination models and waste management strategies for nuclear accident sites.