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Identifying Training Load Variables for Elite Youth Soccer Through a Conceptual Framework.

Darragh Connolly1,2, Sean Stolp2, Ermanno Rampinini2,3

  • 1Sport Science and R&D Department,Juventus Football Club, Torino, Italy.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|February 21, 2026
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Summary

This study developed a framework to select load variables for elite youth soccer players, identifying key metrics for monitoring training and match loads consistently across age groups.

Keywords:
Soccer trainingplayer monitoringprincipal component analysisyouth develoment

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Performance Analysis
  • Youth Athlete Development

Background:

  • Player monitoring programs are crucial for elite youth athletes.
  • Selecting appropriate load variables is challenging.
  • A structured approach is needed to optimize monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To guide the selection of load variables for elite academy soccer player monitoring.
  • To apply a conceptual framework based on literature and expert opinion.
  • To refine player monitoring through data-driven insights.

Main Methods:

  • A conceptual framework was developed to identify load variables.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyze training and match data.
  • Data from 145 elite youth soccer players (U15-U19) over two seasons were assessed.

Main Results:

  • The framework identified 16 metrics for absolute PCA and 14 for relative PCA.
  • 3-4 consistent components emerged across age groups, aligning with the framework's load constructs.
  • Component variance ranged from 13.8% to 29.3%, showing consistency across age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple factors are necessary to describe the load experienced by elite youth soccer players.
  • Both external and internal load measures should be included in monitoring.
  • The framework and PCA-identified themes can help practitioners select optimal load monitoring variables.