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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens
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Evaluation of 15-second alcohol-based hand rub efficacy: a multi-laboratory study using a modified EN 1500 protocol.

Kira-Marie Roesch1, Jürgen Gebel1, Astrid Bolten2

  • 1Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Association for Applied Hygiene, Bonn, Germany.

The Journal of Hospital Infection
|February 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Reducing hand antisepsis time to 15 seconds is feasible but requires training. Shorter rub-in times align with clinical practice but need careful implementation to maintain efficacy.

Keywords:
15-s contact timeEN 1500Hygienic hand disinfectionRing trial

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Area of Science:

  • Infection Prevention and Control
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Healthcare-associated infections are frequently transmitted via hands.
  • Current European standards (EN 1500) mandate 30-second hand antisepsis.
  • Healthcare workers often perform hand hygiene for less than the recommended duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of a reduced 15-second hand antisepsis protocol.
  • To assess microbial reduction efficacy compared to the standard 30-second method.
  • To analyze the reproducibility of a shortened protocol in a multicenter setting.

Main Methods:

  • A modified EN 1500 protocol using 15 seconds and 3 mL of 60% propan-2-ol was tested.
  • A randomized crossover trial involved 14 laboratories and volunteers contaminated with E. coli K12.
  • Microbial reduction was measured, and non-inferiority was statistically analyzed against the 30-second reference method.

Main Results:

  • The 15-second protocol showed significantly lower microbial reduction than the 30-second method in most labs.
  • Consistent reproducibility and satisfactory interlaboratory performance were observed for the shortened protocol.
  • Difficulties in achieving full hand coverage within 15 seconds highlighted the need for technique-focused training.

Conclusions:

  • A 15-second hand antisepsis protocol is methodologically feasible and aligns with clinical practice.
  • Reduced rub-in times are supported by evolving guidelines but require cautious revision of EN 1500.
  • Ensuring complete hand coverage and adherence to technique is critical for efficacy with shorter protocols.