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Conceptualizing and Measuring Support for Collective Violence.

Ramzi Abou-Ismail1, Joseph B Phillips2, Aleksandra Cichocka3

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This study introduces a new scale to measure beliefs about collective violence, finding justifications depend on the target, not intensity. It differentiates between diffuse and upward collective violence.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Political Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Collective violence is a significant societal problem.
  • Individual psychological factors influencing support for collective violence are under-researched.
  • Existing research on interpersonal violence may not fully apply to collective violence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new multidimensional scale for measuring individual differences in collective violence beliefs.
  • To investigate the structure of justifications for collective violence.
  • To differentiate between types of collective violence based on their targets.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four studies with five samples from Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey (N=3758).
  • Developed and validated a Two-Dimensional Collective Violence Beliefs Scale (CVBS: 2D).
  • Utilized scale validation techniques across diverse cultural contexts.

Main Results:

  • Found that justifications for collective violence are structured by the target of the act, not its intensity.
  • Developed the CVBS: 2D scale, distinguishing between diffuse collective violence (targeting outgroup members) and upward collective violence (targeting outgroup leaders).
  • Validated the scale across multiple samples and contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a novel, validated instrument for measuring collective violence beliefs.
  • Identified two distinct dimensions of collective violence beliefs: diffuse and upward.
  • Highlights the importance of considering the target of violence in understanding support for collective violence.