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Active Solids: Topological Defect Self-Propulsion Without Flow.

Fridtjof Brauns1, Myles O'Leary2, Arthur Hernandez3

  • 1Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

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|February 22, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-propelled topological defects in active solids move via texture remodeling, not flow. This new mechanism differs from active fluids and may explain tissue morphogenesis and regeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Topological defects in active nematic fluids exhibit self-propulsion due to flow fields they generate.
  • Understanding defect dynamics in solid-like active materials is crucial for biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a minimal model for self-propelled topological defects in nematic active solids.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of defect motion in elastic media with active stress.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a minimal theoretical model for a nematic active solid.
  • Analysis of defect dynamics arising from the coupling of nematic texture and elastic strains.
  • Investigation of defect pair unbinding and stabilization.

Main Results:

  • Self-propelled +1/2 defects move by local nematic texture remodeling, independent of advection.
  • This mechanism differs fundamentally from self-propulsion in active nematic fluids.
  • The model predicts defect pair unbinding and stabilization of +1 defects.

Conclusions:

  • Defect self-propulsion in active solids occurs via a novel mechanism of local texture remodeling.
  • This mechanism offers insights into orientational order reconfiguration during morphogenesis, such as in muscle fibers.
  • The findings may explain defect motility and merging in tissue regeneration, like in Hydra.