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Catalytic Channels Are the Only Noise-Robust Catalytic Processes
Jeongrak Son1, Ray Ganardi1, Shintaro Minagawa2
1Nanyang Technological University, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Physical Review Letters
|February 22, 2026
Summary
Robust catalysis enables quantum transitions but is sensitive to initial errors. This study introduces robust catalytic transformations, revealing their link to resource broadcasting and limitations in many quantum theories, yet finding success in specific thermodynamic scenarios.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Quantum Resource Theories
- Thermodynamics
Background:
- Catalysis in quantum systems allows transitions using auxiliary systems that return to their initial state.
- Previous catalytic protocols are often impractical due to irreversible degradation from initial state errors.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce and investigate the capabilities of robust catalytic transformations.
- Explore the fundamental limits and conditions for achieving robust catalysis.
- Clarify the practical prospects of catalytic advantage across various quantum resources.
Main Methods:
- Development of the concept of robust catalytic transformations.
- Analysis of the relationship between robust catalysis and resource broadcasting.
- Formulation of a no-go theorem based on general axioms for quantum resource theories.
- Identification of specific thermodynamical scenarios allowing maximal robust catalysis.
Main Results:
- Robust catalysis is fundamentally linked to resource broadcasting capabilities.
- A no-go theorem demonstrates the unattainability of robust catalysis in many quantum resource theories.
- Maximal robust catalytic advantage is achievable in certain thermodynamical contexts.
Conclusions:
- Robust catalytic transformations offer a more practical approach to quantum catalysis.
- The feasibility of robust catalysis depends on the specific quantum resource theory and its properties like broadcasting.
- Thermodynamics provides a promising avenue for realizing significant robust catalytic effects.
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