Enhanced Transverse Electron Transport via Disordered Composite Formation

Transverse electron transport in magnetic materials such as the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects holds promise for spintronic and thermoelectric applications. Efforts to enhance transverse transport have focused on finding quantum materials with large Berry curvature, skew scattering, or side jump. Here, we report a distinct approach based on composite formation. Using both theoretical modeling and experiments, we show that disordered composites of two ferromagnetic materials can exhibit significantly stronger transverse transport than constituent materials. This enhancement originates from meandering electron pathways created by the disordered composites. We identify the condition for this enhancement, which can be broadly satisfied across diverse material systems, offering a universal and tunable strategy to engineer large transverse responses.