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Researchers achieved full 2π optical phase control using open trajectories and a single parameter, bypassing the need to encircle exceptional points (EPs) in terahertz metasurfaces. This advances topological photonics with simpler tunability for novel devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Topological photonics
  • Non-Hermitian physics
  • Metasurface optics

Background:

  • Exceptional points (EPs) are spectral singularities in non-Hermitian systems enabling unique light-matter interactions.
  • Conventional EP applications in topological photonics often require encircling EPs, demanding complex multi-parameter tuning.
  • Exploring open trajectories without encircling EPs offers a path to simpler tunability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate full 2π optical phase control using open trajectories by tuning a single parameter.
  • To investigate EP behavior in metasurfaces with single vs. paired EPs.
  • To explore applications in beam deflection and dynamical EP control.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of terahertz metasurfaces with engineered exceptional points.
  • Theoretical analysis of open trajectories in complex-frequency space relative to EPs.
  • Demonstration of spin-selective beam deflection and dynamical EP positioning.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 2π optical phase control by tuning a single geometrical parameter in a metasurface with paired EPs, using open trajectories.
  • Observed only π phase control with open trajectories in a metasurface with a single EP.
  • Demonstrated topological spin-selective beam deflection and dynamical control of EP positions.

Conclusions:

  • Full 2π phase control is achievable without encircling EPs by utilizing open trajectories between EPs with identical chirality but opposite topological charges.
  • This work broadens the scope of EP topological photonics towards more controllable devices.
  • Opens new avenues for novel wavefront control and polarization multiplexing applications.