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Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

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Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry

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Intercalating Bulk Gold Crystal Into Ordered Single Atoms.

Rong Rong¹, Wenfa Chen¹, Pin Lyu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Aerospace Structures and Institute for Frontier Science, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|February 22, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a green, solvent-free method to create high-density gold single atoms (GSAs) for catalysis. This top-down intercalation technique offers a scalable and eco-friendly alternative for synthesizing efficient electrocatalysts.

Keywords:

density functional theory calculations gold single atoms intercalation phosphorus scanning tunneling microscope

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Gold single atoms (GSAs) show promise for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reactions.
Conventional methods for high-density GSA synthesis face challenges like waste generation and uncontrolled distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, scalable, and eco-friendly method for synthesizing and patterning high-density gold single atoms.
To investigate the catalytic activity of these GSAs for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.

Main Methods:

A top-down intercalation method using a phosphorus monolayer to chisel gold (100) crystals into single atoms.
Characterization using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

Achieved up to 25% conversion rate of gold into isolated single atoms.
GSAs formed well-ordered (2 × 2) arrays with no tendency for coalescence.
Demonstrated efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis due to weak coupling with the phosphorus layer.

Conclusions:

The top-down intercalation method provides a defect-free, solvent-free, and scalable route to high-density GSAs.
The synthesized GSAs exhibit excellent catalytic performance for HER and OER.
This approach offers a sustainable pathway for preparing advanced catalysts and allows for regeneration upon deactivation.