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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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A Stable, Mesoporous Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework as a Versatile Functional Platform.

Chengyu Ji1, Haorui Zheng1, Wenjuan Zhao2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new covalent organic framework (COF) platform, JUC-685, enabling pore functionalization without losing structure. This breakthrough allows for light-induced CO2 adsorption modulation in functionalized COFs.

Keywords:
CO2 dynamic capturecovalent organic frameworksfunctionalizationporous materialssolvent‐assisted linker exchange

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Functionalizing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) while maintaining crystallinity and porosity is challenging.
  • Existing methods often compromise the structural integrity of COFs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable, mesoporous 3D COF platform for incorporating diverse functionalities.
  • To demonstrate a method for creating functionalized COFs with preserved structural order and porosity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a stable, mesoporous 3D COF, JUC-685, with high surface area and large pores.
  • Employed a solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) strategy to introduce functional moieties like azobenzene and carbazole.
  • Generated an isoreticular series of functionalized COFs (JUC-686 to JUC-689).

Main Results:

  • JUC-685 exhibits a surface area of 2,188 m² g⁻¹ and a pore size of 3.20 nm.
  • The azobenzene-functionalized derivative, JUC-686, retains high surface area (2,131 m² g⁻¹) and mesoporosity (3.09 nm).
  • JUC-686 demonstrates significant light-induced modulation of CO2 adsorption capacity (60.4% change), the highest reported for azobenzene-functionalized porous materials.

Conclusions:

  • Established a general platform for synthesizing highly crystalline COFs with pore-wall functionality.
  • The developed methodology decouples functionality from structural order in COFs.
  • Opens new avenues for smart adsorption, catalysis, and other applications using functionalized COFs.