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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Vacancies in thermoelectric (TE) materials have transitioned from passive scattering centers to active modulators of material properties.
  • Their ability to tailor band structure, carrier concentration, and phonon dynamics is crucial for enhancing TE performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in vacancy engineering for thermoelectric applications.
  • To systematically discuss vacancy formation, characterization, functionality, and control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vacancy engineering in thermoelectrics.
  • Classification of vacancies based on functional roles.
  • Survey of advanced characterization techniques.
  • Emphasis on computational methods for prediction and guidance.
  • Discussion of strategies for precise vacancy control.

Main Results:

  • Vacancies significantly impact electronic transport, phonon scattering, and mechanical properties.
  • Tailoring vacancies offers a versatile approach to achieving enhanced thermoelectric performance.
  • Advanced characterization and computational methods are key to understanding and controlling vacancy effects.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic understanding of vacancy engineering is essential for the rational design of high-performance thermoelectric materials.
  • Vacancy-mediated defect strategies offer a promising foundation for future functional material development.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and unlock the full potential of vacancy engineering.