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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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PA- versus urologist-performed flexible cystoscopy: A comparative study

James Misurka1, Mohamad B Berjaoui, Katherine Lajkosz

  • 1In the Department of Surgery within the Division of Urology at University Health Network, part of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, James Misurka is a PA, Mohamad B. Berjaoui is a surgeon, Katherine Lajkosz is a biostatistician, Jess Cockburn is a scientific associate, Dhiral Kot is a PA, Robert J. Hamilton is a professor, Girish S. Kulkarni is a professor, Alexandre R. Zlotta is a professor, Jason Y. Lee is an associate professor, Nathan Perlis is an assistant professor, Antonio Finelli is a professor, and Neil E. Fleshner is a professor. J. Cockburn discloses receipt of funding from the Princess Margaret Foundation. G.S. Kulkarni discloses payment from Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Verity Pharmaceuticals, Theralase Technologies, AbbVie Inc., AstraZeneca, Tolmar Pharmaceuticals, Knight Therapeutics, TerSera Therapeutics, enGene Inc., CG Oncology, and Astellas Pharma for various services. The authors have disclosed no other potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|February 22, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
bladder cancercystoscopymalignancy detectionpatient outcomesshortagesurology

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