Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes in neonatal intensive care...

Caring for neonatal intensive care unit patients requires precise, individualized, and compassionate care. Roy's Adaptation Model and Swanson's Theory of Caring provide complementary frameworks for addressing physiological and emotional needs. Integrated with the Nursing Care Process (NCP) and standardized languages (NANDA-I, NIC, NOC), these models support systematic, evidence-based, and family-centered neonatal nursing care. The objective was to describe the most frequently identified nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes in NICU patients, guided by the theoretical perspectives of Callista Roy and Kristen Swanson.

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using nursing records from a NICU in Colombia (September 2023-February 2024). The NCP was implemented based on Roy's Adaptation Model and Swanson's Theory of Caring. Records including all five NCP phases were analyzed. Diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes were classified using NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC taxonomies, respectively. Variables were grouped by gestational age (<32, 32-34, >34 weeks) and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Among 180 neonates, median gestational age: 31.2 weeks (IQR: 28-36.1); birth weight: 1420 g (IQR: 1040-2290), 73.3% delivered by cesarean section. Frequent diagnoses included Impaired gas exchange (27.2%) and Ineffective breathing pattern (15.6%). Main interventions were airway management (15.0%) and oxygen therapy (12.2%). Oxygen desaturation (51.1%) was the most common focal stimulus.

Integrating Roy's Adaptation Model and Swanson's Theory of Caring into the NCP framed a structured and family-centered approach to neonatal care Standardized taxonomies facilitated decision-making, highlighting the role of nursing judgment in addressing physiological and emotional needs in preterm infants.