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Sudden Unexpected Infant Death in Inclined Sleepers: 2009-2023.
Sasha Mintz1, Abigael Collier1
1National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan.
Pediatrics
|February 22, 2026
Summary
Infant deaths in inclined sleepers continued after recalls, with many occurring in infants under four months old. Safe sleep recommendations, including firm, non-inclined surfaces, are crucial to prevent sleep-related infant deaths.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Safety
- Public Health
- Consumer Product Safety
Background:
- Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recalled inclined sleepers in 2019 and reannounced recalls in 2023 due to infant deaths.
- Sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUIDs) in inclined sleepers prompted further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe SUIDs occurring in inclined sleepers using child death review (CDR) data.
- To analyze demographic, incident, and supervisor characteristics of these deaths.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Pediatric National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System (Pediatric NFR-CRS) from 2009 to 2023.
- Calculated frequencies and proportions to characterize SUIDs in inclined sleepers.
Main Results:
- 158 SUIDs in inclined sleepers were identified between 2009 and 2023.
- 68% of deaths occurred before 2019, and 32% occurred after.
- Most infants were younger than 4 months (67%), deaths often occurred at home (86%) under parental supervision (83%).
- Airway obstruction was noted in 32% of cases, linked to sleeper material or soft bedding.
Conclusions:
- Infant deaths in inclined sleepers persisted despite CPSC recalls.
- Continued education on safe infant sleep environments is vital for caregivers.
- Enhanced dissemination of product recalls for unsafe sleep environments may decrease sleep-related deaths.
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