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Confirmation of a Useful Dark-Room Resting-State Procedure: Periodic and Aperiodic MEG Activity in Children
Marybeth McNamee1, Heather L Green1, Guannan Shen1
1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Insights
The resting-state eyes-open dark room (DR) exam provides reliable brain activity measures in children, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This method is a viable alternative to the traditional eyes-closed (EC) exam for electrophysiology studies.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Resting-state (RS) electrophysiology studies often exclude populations unable to maintain eyes-closed or stillness.
- Previous work showed RS dark room (DR) alpha measures are similar to eyes-closed (EC) in children (6-12 years).
- The DR procedure offers feasibility for broader participant inclusion in RS studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare RS periodic and aperiodic measures between DR and EC paradigms in a larger, wider age range of children.
- To evaluate the reliability and generalizability of the DR procedure across 15 brain regions.
- To investigate differences in RS measures between typically developing (TD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.
Main Methods:
- Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recorded RS activity from 147 DR and EC datasets in TD (N=69) and ASD (N=53) children (7.7-17.1 years).
- Analysis included parietal-occipital peak alpha frequency (PAF), power, and aperiodic measures (offset, exponent) across 15 brain regions.
- Interclass correlations (ICCs) assessed reliability between DR and EC conditions for both TD and ASD groups.
Main Results:
- Good reliability (ICC=0.84) was found for DR and EC parietal-occipital peak alpha frequency in both TD and ASD groups.
- Fair to good reliability (mean/median ICCs 0.77-0.80) was observed for aperiodic measures (offset, exponent) between DR and EC across all 15 regions.
- Significant regional differences in aperiodic measures and age associations were noted, highlighting the need for source-space analysis.
Conclusions:
- The DR exam is a viable method for obtaining reliable RS periodic and aperiodic brain activity measures in children.
- The DR procedure's generalizability is supported by comparable reliability across TD and ASD groups.
- Assessing aperiodic activity in brain source space is crucial due to observed regional variations.
Abstract:
In a previous paper, we showed in children 6-12 years old that a resting-state (RS) eyes-open dark room (DR) task provides RS parietal-occipital alpha measures similar to those obtained using the standard RS eyes-closed (EC) exam. Results provided initial evidence that the RS DR procedure is feasible and useful with populations often excluded from electrophysiology RS studies, such as participants who cannot remain awake with their eyes closed or cannot remain still for an extended period. The present study extended the DR and EC comparisons to a much larger sample of children spanning a wider age range and expanded the analysis strategy to examine RS aperiodic measures (offset and slope [exponent] of the power spectrum) and to evaluate 15 distinct brain regions rather than just the previously examined parieto-occipital RS periodic alpha activity. RS activity was recorded using MEG, here reporting on 147 DR and EC datasets obtained from children (including 23 with evaluable datasets at multiple timepoints) with typical development (TD; N = 69) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 53) 7.7-17.1 years old. Findings showed good reliability in both TD and ASD for the EC and DR parietal-occipital peak alpha frequency (frequency with highest alpha power; interclass correlation [ICC] = 0.84, p < 0.001). The ICC for periodic parieto-occipital PAF power was lower (ICC = 0.65). For offset and exponent, the two RS aperiodic measures, fair to good reliability for both groups was observed between DR and EC at all 15 brain regions (mean and median ICC values 0.77-0.80). Offset and exponent values differed significantly across the 15 brain regions, as did associations between age and both aperiodic measures. Findings confirm that the DR exam is a viable way to obtain RS periodic and aperiodic measures. The lack of TD/ASD differences in the EC and DR periodic and aperiodic ICCs supports the generalizability of the DR procedure. Finally, regional differences in aperiodic measures demonstrate the need to assess aperiodic activity in brain source space rather than scalp sensor space.
