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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Licorice Toxicity in an Ultramarathon Trail Runner.

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PubMed
Summary

Excessive licorice consumption can cause serious health issues like pseudohyperaldosteronism. Early diagnosis and stopping licorice intake led to a full recovery in a patient with severe symptoms.

Keywords:
athleteherbal remedieshypertensionmenopausepseudohyperaldosteronism

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Case Study

Background:

  • Licorice, containing glycyrrhizic acid, is widely used in various industries.
  • Excessive intake of glycyrrhizic acid is linked to severe health complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of licorice-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism.
  • To emphasize the importance of a comprehensive patient history.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 51-year-old female ultramarathon runner.
  • Detailed patient history including consumption of herbal products.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with symptoms including fatigue, edema, hypertension, and paresis.
  • Diagnosis of licorice-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism after 10 months of chronic consumption.
  • Complete recovery within 2 months of discontinuing licorice products.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic licorice consumption can lead to life-threatening pseudohyperaldosteronism.
  • Thorough patient history is crucial for diagnosing such conditions.
  • Public awareness of licorice hazards is essential.