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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Multifunctional Asymmetric Soluble Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Versatile Medium for Stabilizing Lithium Anode

Tuoya Naren1,2, Qianfeng Gu2, Zihao Chen2

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|February 23, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an asymmetric COF material (CityU-55) to stabilize lithium metal batteries. This artificial interphase layer prevents lithium dendrite growth and improves battery cycling stability for high-performance energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) face challenges with lithium dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.
  • These issues hinder LMB performance, safety, and cycle life, limiting their commercial viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize an asymmetric, multifunctional covalent organic framework (COF) material, CityU-55, for use as an artificial interphase layer.
  • To investigate the efficacy of CityU-55 in regulating the lithium anode interface and enhancing LMB performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of an asymmetric COF (CityU-55) incorporating polyether and fluoroalkyl side groups.
  • Application of CityU-55 as an artificial interphase layer on lithium anodes.
  • Electrochemical characterization, including cycling stability tests, nucleation barrier measurements, and full cell performance evaluation with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes.

Main Results:

  • The CityU-55@Li anode demonstrated improved lithium deposition reversibility and reduced side reactions.
  • A low nucleation barrier of 28 mV and exceptional cycling stability (4500 h at 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻²) were achieved.
  • Full cells exhibited enhanced cycling stability, capacity retention, and high-rate performance compared to bare lithium anodes.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric, multifunctional side-chain engineering in COFs offers a versatile strategy for developing advanced artificial interphase materials.
  • CityU-55 effectively mitigates interfacial issues in lithium metal anodes, paving the way for high-performance lithium metal batteries.