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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Medical Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a liver cancer treatment using radioactive microspheres.
  • Optimizing microsphere distribution is crucial for effective treatment and minimizing off-target radiation.
  • Injection technique is a key variable influencing microsphere delivery, but its impact requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally evaluate how different injection techniques affect microsphere distribution during TARE.
  • To compare the distribution patterns of microspheres administered via conventional and novel devices.
  • To analyze the influence of pulsed versus continuous injection rates on microsphere delivery in a bifurcating model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3D-printed, successively bifurcating phantom model simulating liver vasculature.
  • Employed a blood-mimicking fluid and holmium-165 microspheres for in vitro experiments.
  • Tested various injection profiles: pulsed, continuous (24 mL/min), and reduced continuous (10 and 5 mL/min) rates using syringe pumps.

Main Results:

  • Continuous high injection rates (24 mL/min) resulted in more homogeneous radial microsphere distribution compared to pulsed injections.
  • Reduced continuous injection rates (10 and 5 mL/min) led to significantly more selective, non-uniform microsphere distributions.
  • Higher injection rates promoted better mixing of microspheres with the perfusate, improving radial uniformity.

Conclusions:

  • Injection technique is a critical determinant of microsphere distribution in TARE.
  • High continuous injection rates enhance microsphere-fluid mixing, leading to more predictable and uniform radial delivery.
  • Optimizing injection technique can improve treatment efficacy and safety in transarterial radioembolization.