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Influence of Severity and Stroke Localization on the Development of Vascular Dementia and Impairment of Certain

Denisa Salihovic1, Zikrija Dostovic1, Mirna Selimbasic Saletovic1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Materia Socio-Medica
|February 23, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Stroke location significantly impacts vascular dementia (VD) development. Specific cognitive deficits, including executive, visual perceptual, and visual constructive functions, are linked to different types of VD.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) manifest differently based on brain lesion location.
  • Cognitive impairments, particularly dementia, are common sequelae of stroke.
  • Vascular dementia (VD) was historically termed atherosclerotic dementia, distinct from senile dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of stroke severity and lesion localization on vascular dementia (VD) development.
  • To identify specific cognitive functions affected in various types of VD.
  • To correlate stroke characteristics with distinct patterns of cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of acute stroke patients hospitalized over one year.
  • Classification of patients into dementia groups: dementia of strategic infarct (DSI), cortical dementia (CD), subcortical dementia (SCD), hemorrhagic dementia (HD), and non-demented patients (NDP).
  • Analysis of stroke localization, laterality, and lesion count.

Main Results:

  • Out of 274 stroke patients, 190 (69%) were diagnosed with VD.
  • Increased stroke severity (NIHSS score) correlated with higher odds of dementia.
  • Cortical dementia (CD) was associated with right hemisphere lesions, while subcortical dementia (SCD) was linked to bihemispheric lesions.
  • All cognitive functions were significantly impaired in CD and SCD.
  • DSI patients showed significant impairment in visual perceptual and visual constructive functions.
  • Executive functions were universally impaired across all VD types.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke localization is a critical determinant in the development of vascular dementia.
  • Cortical and subcortical dementias involve widespread cognitive deficits.
  • Dementia of strategic infarct specifically impacts visual-perceptual and visual-constructive abilities.
Abstract

Keywords:
cognitive functionsdementiastrokevascular dementia

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