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Risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and their long-term prognostic

Xianju Liang1,2, Chuyue Wu1,2,3, Yu Huang1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.

Open Medicine (Warsaw, Poland)
|February 23, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Venous thrombosis in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients is linked to longer hospital stays, higher NIH Stroke Scale scores, and elevated D-dimer levels. These patients also face worse functional outcomes post-ICH.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe neurological condition.
  • Venous thrombosis (VT) is a potential complication in ICH patients.
  • Identifying VT risk factors in ICH is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for venous thrombosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
  • To assess the impact of venous thrombosis on functional outcomes in ICH patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 737 ICH patients from January 2021 to December 2022.
  • Statistical analysis to determine risk factors and outcomes associated with VT.
  • Comparison of mortality and functional outcomes between patients with and without VT.

Main Results:

  • Venous thrombosis occurred in 11.7% of ICH patients (86/737).
  • Risk factors for VT included longer hospital stay (p<0.001), higher admission NIH Stroke Scale (p=0.008), and elevated D-dimer levels (p=0.041).
  • Patients with VT had significantly higher rates of poor functional outcomes at discharge, 90 days, and 1 year post-ICH (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Extended hospitalization, elevated NIH Stroke Scale scores, and D-dimer levels are significant risk factors for venous thrombosis in ICH patients.
  • Venous thrombosis is associated with poorer functional recovery following intracerebral hemorrhage.
  • Early identification and management of VT risk factors may improve outcomes for ICH patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
deep venous thrombosisfunctional prognosisrisk factorsspontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

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