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Deshan Wattegama¹, Benjamin Black^2,3, Marcus Moen⁴

¹Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri.

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|February 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Online autism communities on Reddit offer practical support and non-traditional therapy insights, differing from clinical advice. An autism-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system shows potential for improving autism guidance.

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Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Social Computing

Background:

Social media platforms like Reddit are crucial for autistic individuals and caregivers seeking information and support.
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized for medical advice, necessitating an evaluation of their role in autism care.
Understanding the nuances of online versus clinical discussions is vital for comprehensive autism support.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze autism-related discussions on Reddit and compare them with clinician-patient interactions.
To evaluate the effectiveness of an autism-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system in providing guidance.
To identify key themes and differences in support strategies discussed in online communities versus clinical settings.

Main Methods:

Utilized BERTopic modeling to identify key themes in Reddit discussions from r/autism and r/autism_parenting.
Compared themes from online discussions with clinical messages from the University of Missouri Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment.
Assessed Large Language Model (LLM)-generated responses against peer advice from Reddit, evaluating accuracy, relevance, empathy, and helpfulness.

Main Results:

Reddit discussions prominently feature behavioral challenges and practical support strategies.
Online communities emphasize non-traditional therapies, contrasting with clinical settings' focus on medication management.
Differences in accuracy, relevance, empathy, and helpfulness were observed between LLM responses and peer advice.

Conclusions:

Autism-related online discussions provide valuable insights, particularly regarding non-traditional support and practical advice.
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems hold promise for enhancing autism guidance by integrating community-driven information.
A balanced approach, incorporating both community wisdom and clinical expertise, is essential for effective autism care.