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Antimicrobial Resistance: The Answers.

Beverley C Millar1,2, Mary J Cates2, Marco S Torrisi2

  • 1Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

British Journal of Biomedical Science
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis. This review explores novel therapeutic strategies, including new drugs, vaccines, and advanced technologies, to combat AMR.

Keywords:
antibioticantibiotic resistanceantimicrobial resistance (AMR)bacteriophage therapycystic fibrosisinnovationnew approachespolicy

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, projected to cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050.
  • Existing regulatory and policy frameworks address AMR through surveillance, diagnostics, and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research (last five years) on therapeutic approaches for AMR.
  • To highlight the potential role of vaccines in combating AMR.
  • To explore novel antimicrobial agents and technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of scientific literature focusing on clinical development of therapeutic approaches.
  • Analysis of recently approved antibacterial drugs, combination therapies, and repurposed drugs.
  • Exploration of novel antimicrobials, including peptides, nanomaterials, natural compounds, and ethnopharmacology.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of novel therapeutic approaches like immunotherapy, bacteriophage therapy, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapy, nitric oxide therapy, and microbiome manipulation.
  • Highlighting advancements in bioprospecting and R&D through AI, machine learning, and Organ-on-a-Chip devices.
  • Emphasis on the preventive potential of vaccines against AMR.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple novel therapeutic strategies are under development to combat AMR.
  • Technological advancements are accelerating the discovery of new antimicrobials.
  • Vaccines represent a crucial preventive measure in addressing the AMR burden.