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Flexible Endoscopic Management of Foreign Body Ingestion in Children: A Ten-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study in

Jeremiah C Torrico1, Germana Emerita V Gregorio1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila.

Acta Medica Philippina
|February 23, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Flexible endoscopy safely removes foreign bodies in children. Early hospital admission and prompt endoscopic referral significantly improve outcomes, reducing complication risks.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic Procedures
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a frequent pediatric emergency in the Philippines.
  • Limited local data exists on flexible endoscopic management for pediatric FB ingestion.
  • This study addresses the need for understanding clinical profiles and outcomes in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical characteristics of children undergoing flexible endoscopic management for FB ingestion.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of flexible endoscopic procedures for FB removal in pediatric patients.
  • To identify factors associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric FB ingestion cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 145 pediatric patients (<18 years) admitted for FB ingestion (2014-2024).
  • Analysis of clinical features, management, and outcomes, including complications and mortality.
  • Calculation of odds ratios (OR) to determine factors linked to poor outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Coins were the most common foreign body (56.55%), with most ingestions being accidental (96.55%).
  • Flexible endoscopy demonstrated a high success rate (98.46%) with an average procedure time of 32.25 minutes.
  • Poor outcomes correlated with younger age (<1 year), delayed extraction (>48 hours), and prolonged procedures (>30 minutes).

Conclusions:

  • Flexible endoscopy is an effective and safe method for foreign body extraction in children.
  • Early hospital admission (≤24 hours) and timely endoscopic referral (≤24 hours) are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Delays in intervention and extended procedure times increase the risk of complications in pediatric foreign body ingestion.
Abstract

Keywords:
childendoscopyforeign-bodyretrospective study

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