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A systems level framework for postharvest physiology and quality preservation.

María E García-Pastor1, Natalia Falagán2

  • 1Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Agri-Food and Agro-Environmental Research and Innovation (CIAGRO), University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.

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Summary

Reducing postharvest losses in fresh produce requires understanding plant physiology and applying integrated strategies. Metabolomics and multi-omics approaches identify biomarkers to guide sustainable quality preservation from farm to fork.

Keywords:
food loss reductionfruit and vegetable qualitymetabolomicsmolecular mechanismspostharvest biologyripening and senescence

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Postharvest losses significantly impact global food supply, often exceeding 40% of fresh produce.
  • Deterioration involves complex molecular and physiological processes like ripening, senescence, and oxidative stress.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing effective loss and waste reduction strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an integrated framework for understanding postharvest physiology.
  • To guide sustainable quality preservation strategies for fresh produce.
  • To identify biomarkers for quality loss, chilling injury, and senescence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing metabolomics for large-scale profiling of small molecules and identifying biomarkers.
  • Analyzing shifts in primary metabolites (sugars, organic acids) and volatile compounds.
  • Integrating multi-omics technologies (metabolomics, transcriptomics) for molecular target identification.
  • Investigating preharvest factors and hormonal signaling (ethylene, abscisic acid) influence.

Main Results:

  • Metabolomics identified critical indicators of decline, such as altered sugar and organic acid levels, and off-aroma volatiles.
  • Preharvest treatments (e.g., regulated deficit irrigation, signaling molecules) enhance antioxidant capacity and delay senescence.
  • Exogenous application of signaling molecules (e.g., salicylic acid) sustains redox homeostasis and upregulates antioxidant systems.
  • Multi-omics integration aids in identifying intervention targets and optimizing storage conditions.

Conclusions:

  • An integrated, biomarker-based, farm-to-fork strategy is essential for sustainable postharvest quality preservation.
  • Understanding molecular regulation and physiological transformations is crucial for mitigating food loss and waste.
  • These strategies contribute to enhancing food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with food loss.