Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Nursing Professionals in a Tertiary Care Center

Anemia is a significant public health concern, particularly among females. Nurses, due to their demanding work environments, may be especially vulnerable. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of anemia among nurses in a tertiary care academic center, investigating potential contributing factors. A cross-sectional study surveyed 517 nurses of reproductive age (< 49 years) across various hospital departments. Data on demographics, complete blood counts, and serum vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels were collected. Anemia was classified according to WHO hemoglobin cut-off levels for non-pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia was 50.1%, with 29.2% having mild anemia, 19.5% moderate, and 1.4% severe. Nutritional deficiencies were prevalent, with 29.7% having folate deficiency, 28.1% vitamin B12 deficiency, and 18.2% iron deficiency. Co-existing deficiencies were found in 7.7% (B12 and folate), 3.2% (folate and iron), 3% (B12, folate, and iron), and 1.8% (B12 and iron). Nurses with anemia had a mean hemoglobin level of 10.89 ± 1.08 g/dL (range 7.0-11.9). Underweight status was significantly associated with anemia (aOR 3.057, 95% CI 1.173-7.965, p = 0.02). The study reveals a high prevalence of anemia among nurses with notable nutritional deficiencies, particularly folate, vitamin B12, and iron, often coexisting. Additionally, underweight status was significantly linked to anemia. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address nutritional deficiencies and improve the overall health of this at-risk population.