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Related Concept Videos

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Induction and Validation of Cellular Senescence in Primary Human Cells
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Circulating Cell Type Senescence Signatures Reveal High-Resolution Health Status and Trajectories in Human

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Cellular senescence biomarkers in circulation can predict health status and disease risk. Cell type-specific senescence signatures offer higher resolution insights into aging and health trajectories.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers
  • Aging Research
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Cellular senescence increases with age and contributes to age-related diseases.
  • Circulating senescence signatures can predict age-related traits and diseases.
  • Cell type-specific senescence signatures have not been fully explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the clinical relevance of cell type-specific senescence signatures in circulation.
  • To determine if senescence signatures can predict clinical parameters and disease onset.
  • To assess the diagnostic potential of circulating senescence biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized senescence signatures from the Senescence Catalog (SenCat) across 14 human cell types.
  • Analyzed data from two longitudinal studies: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study.
  • Compared the predictive performance of pooled and cell type-specific senescence proteins against non-senescence proteins.

Main Results:

  • Pooled senescence proteins outperformed non-senescence proteins in predicting clinical parameters like age and hypertension.
  • Cell type senescence signatures often mapped strongly to their corresponding health domains.
  • The immune cell senescence signature was associated with the future onset of diseases such as diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating senescence-associated proteins serve as effective biomarkers for clinical phenotypes.
  • A core senescence signature predicted various clinical phenotypes across aging.
  • Cell type-specific senescence signatures provide higher resolution health status insights and are relevant for assessing health trajectories, including mortality and disease onset.