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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Disturbances and Associated Factors Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Hussain A Al Ghadeer1, Hussain A Al Ibrahim1, Ahmed S AlKhars2

  • 1Paediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, SAU.

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|February 23, 2026
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Summary

Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), impacting multiple sleep domains. Factors like diagnosis age, autism severity, and parental anxiety predict these sleep issues.

Keywords:
alahsa.autism spectrum disorder (asd)saudi arabiasleep disordersleep hygiene

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep disorders are common comorbidities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Sleep disturbances can worsen behavioral symptoms like inattention and irritability in ASD.
  • The psychosocial burden of ASD is increased by sleep issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pattern, frequency, and predictors of sleep disturbances in children with ASD.
  • To assess sleep patterns in a cohort of children with ASD in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 116 children with ASD.
  • Caregiver completion of the validated Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ).
  • Analysis using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of sleep disturbances indicated by a mean CSHQ score of 76.3±9.3.
  • Significant bivariate associations found with age at diagnosis, autism severity, parental anxiety, sleeping arrangements, and medication history.
  • Multivariable analysis identified age at diagnosis, autism severity, parental anxiety, and medication history as independent predictors of sleep disturbance.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent and multifactorial in children with ASD.
  • Clinical factors (age at diagnosis, severity) and psychosocial factors (parental anxiety) are key predictors.
  • Routine screening, caregiver education, early diagnosis, and integrated interventions are crucial for improving sleep and quality of life.