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Active phase separation triggered by chemotactic defects.

Yujuan Song1, Feifei Liu1, Qingqing Yin1

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Defects in active suspensions rapidly trigger particle aggregation, enabling Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS) even at low densities. This mechanism may explain bacterial biofilm formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS) is a key phenomenon in active matter.
  • Achieving MIPS at low particle densities (binodal region) is computationally challenging.
  • Existing models often require high packing fractions or long simulation times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel mechanism for rapid MIPS in the dilute regime.
  • To explore the role of defects in initiating and driving phase separation.
  • To provide insights into biological aggregation processes, such as biofilm formation.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of active suspensions.
  • Analysis of defect dynamics and their influence on particle aggregation.
  • Varying initial conditions and system parameters to study defect-triggered MIPS.

Main Results:

  • Defects act as effective chemotactic centers, rapidly forming local particle aggregates.
  • These aggregates can grow and coalesce, leading to full phase separation.
  • The defect-triggered mechanism significantly reduces the time and computational cost for MIPS in the binodal region.

Conclusions:

  • Defect-induced aggregation provides an efficient pathway for MIPS at low densities.
  • This mechanism offers a potential explanation for bacterial aggregation into biofilms.
  • Nutrient particles may serve as chemotactic attractors, similar to defects in physical models.