Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

Muscles of the Eye

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Robotic Choledochal Cyst Excision With Intracorporeal Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy in Adolescent and Adult Patients: Clinical and Quality-of-Life Outcomes.

The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS·2026

Same author

Strabismus following Endonasal sinus surgery: a 10-year retrospective analysis of clinical profile and outcomes.

Strabismus·2026

Same author

Lacrimal Gland Dacryolithiasis With Secondary Bacterial Dacryoadenitis: Clinicoradiological Characterization and Review of Literature.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026

Same author

Performance of large language models for ophthalmic literature retrieval.

Eye (London, England)·2026

Same author

Dangers of orbital retraction in transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery.

Acta neurochirurgica·2026

Same author

Diagnostic imaging and stepwise removal of an entrapped epidural catheter in an obese adolescent.

BMJ case reports·2026

Same journal

Mitochondrial insufficiencies and neuroprotection in glaucoma.

International ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Accuracy of new-generation intraocular lens formulas in IOL power calculation for cataract extraction combined with vitrectomy.

International ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Screen time, strained eyes: knowledge and attitudes toward rising screen hours and ocular health among adults aged 20-30 in sri lanka.

International ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

The burden of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Nigeria: a scoping review of prevalence and risk factors.

International ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

Comparison of visual outcomes of phakic intraocular lens implantation in keratoconus and normal eyes.

International ophthalmology·2026

Same journal

AS-OCT in infectious keratitis: detecting pachymetry-infiltrate discordance.

International ophthalmology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

The floppy thyroid eye disease.

Ayushi Agarwal¹, Nandini Bothra¹, Adit Gupta²

¹Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Service, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.

International Ophthalmology

|February 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) and Floppy Eyelid Syndrome (FES) can coexist, presenting unique challenges. This combination may increase globe luxation risk and mimic active TED, potentially leading to incorrect treatment.

Keywords:

Aponeurotic ptosis Floppy eyelid syndrome Lash ptosis Lower eyelid retraction Spontaneous globe luxation Thyroid Eye Disease Thyroid—associated orbitopathy

More Related Videos

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology

Background:

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) and Floppy Eyelid Syndrome (FES) are distinct ophthalmic conditions.
Co-occurrence of TED and FES is rare but presents complex clinical scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the unique clinical features of patients with co-existing TED and FES.
To identify management challenges associated with this rare combination.

Main Methods:

Retrospective, multicentric, interventional case series.
Analysis of 9 patients (17 eyes) with co-existing TED and FES over eight years.

Main Results:

The average age was 51.5 years, with a near-equal male-female ratio.
13 out of 17 eyes experienced spontaneous globe luxation.
Lower eyelid retraction was universal, while upper eyelid retraction was often masked by lax upper eyelids.

Conclusions:

Co-existing TED and FES can mask typical TED signs, with lower eyelid retraction being prominent.
Increased risk of globe luxation necessitates prompt orbital decompression.
Congestive signs may mimic active TED, risking inappropriate corticosteroid use.