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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

The Next Generation of Protein Sequencing and Analysis Methods.

Kingsley L-J Wong^1,2, Mattias Tolhurst^1,2, Oren A Fox¹

¹Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)

|February 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New protein sequencing technologies promise to revolutionize proteomics by linking sequence, structure, and function. These innovations accelerate biological discovery and biomedical innovation, overcoming current challenges in protein analysis.

Keywords:

fluorosequencing nanopore protein sequencing proteomics

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Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

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Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

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An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

Area of Science:

Proteomics
Biotechnology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Proteomics faces challenges due to protein complexity, amplification difficulties, and diverse proteoforms.
Current large-scale proteomics studies primarily rely on mass spectrometry.
Existing methods struggle to comprehensively link protein sequence, structure, and function at scale.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging protein sequencing and analysis technologies.
To evaluate the mechanisms, progress, and challenges of novel proteomic techniques.
To highlight innovations converging towards next-generation proteomic platforms.

Main Methods:

Review of fluorosequencing, single-molecule sequencing, digital proteomics mapping, and nanopore-based protein sequencing.
Analysis of technological mechanisms and current developmental stages.
Assessment of commercial readiness and future potential.

Main Results:

Several new technologies offer de novo, single-molecule, and higher-throughput protein sequencing.
Fluorosequencing, single-molecule sequencing, digital proteomics mapping, and nanopore sequencing are nearing commercial implementation.
These advancements promise to overcome limitations of current proteomic approaches.

Conclusions:

Advances in protein sequencing are set to transform proteomics.
These technologies will accelerate biological discovery and biomedical innovation.
The convergence of innovations heralds a new era in proteomic analysis.