Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.3K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.3K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.9K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.9K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

8.0K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
8.0K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

18.2K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
18.2K
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

5.9K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expanding the phenotypic Spectrum of ZNF711: Autism and epilepsy in two siblings.

Epilepsy & behavior reports·2026
Same author

Role of Klhl14 in senescence and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via TGF-β modulation.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Image-guided activation of drugs with electromagnetic radiation.

Nature chemical biology·2026
Same author

Computed tomography derived body composition and risk of anastomotic leakage following rectal cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2026
Same author

Margin status after breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer in the Netherlands from 2009 to 2022.

BJS open·2026
Same author

Familial tremor linked to a heterozygous variant in the Ceruloplasmin gene.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.6K

Radiation-induced interferon-I response impairs thyroid organoid function.

Rufina Maturi1, Davide Cinat2, Anne L Jellema-de Bruin2

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands.

Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Radiation therapy can damage the thyroid, leading to inflammation and cell death. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) signaling plays a dual role, protecting cells but hindering regeneration, impacting thyroid function after radiotherapy.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.6K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but it can cause significant damage to surrounding healthy tissues, including the thyroid.
  • Thyroid dysfunction, such as hypothyroidism and secondary malignancies, is a common complication in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms behind radiation-induced thyroid damage are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular changes occurring in thyroid organoids after exposure to gamma irradiation.
  • To elucidate the role of specific molecular pathways, such as interferon-beta (IFN-β) signaling, in radiation-induced thyroid alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized bulk RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptomic changes in thyroid organoids post-irradiation.
  • Employed quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting, immunofluorescence, and caspase 3/7 activity assays for validation and further exploration.
  • Assessed organoid-forming efficiency to evaluate the impact on stem progenitor cell potential.

Main Results:

  • Identified interferon-beta (IFN-β) signaling as a critical mediator of radiation-induced inflammation in thyroid tissue.
  • Determined that the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is the primary mechanism of radiation-induced thyroid cell death.
  • Observed that IFN-β confers protection against apoptosis but simultaneously diminishes the regenerative capacity of thyroid stem progenitor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Interferon-beta (IFN-β) signaling exhibits a dual effect on thyroid cells following irradiation, promoting survival while impairing regenerative potential.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of thyroid damage after radiotherapy, with implications for managing treatment side effects.