Nanozymes to Enhance Plant Photosynthesis: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects

Photosynthesis is the fundamental process driving plant productivity and the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems, playing a crucial role in global food production and environmental balance. However, traditional agricultural practices face challenges in addressing climate change and resource depletion. Recently, nanozyme-based technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance plant photosynthesis. Nanozymes, engineered nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities, mimic natural enzymes to optimize key photosynthetic processes. In this review, we systematically summarize the properties, classification, and mechanisms of nanozymes, highlighting how they enhance light absorption, electron transport, and the regulation of carbon fixation pathways and ROS, thereby improving photosynthetic performance. Moreover, we discuss the application methods of nanozymes, including seed treatment, foliar spraying, and root irrigation, emphasizing their importance in maximizing photosynthetic efficiency. Finally, we provide insights into the key challenges and future prospects of nanozyme-based approaches for sustainable agriculture, aiming to provide valuable insights for advancing crop productivity and resilience under environmental stress.